Childhood Rashes: When They’re Serious and When They’re Not
It may look like pimples, lumps,
bumps, or blisters. Often, it is dry,
scaly, red, and itchy. It’s a rash, and
it’s coming to a child near you.
Common Causes
Most rashes are not serious. Cradle cap— greasy, yellow patches on the scalp—and diaper rash—tiny, red spots in the diaper area—are common in infants. Both can be treated at home. Washing the scalp with a mild shampoo often can get rid of cradle cap. Cleaning the area with water, patting it dry, and using a cornstarchbased powder clears diaper rash.Other common rashes in children and infants include the following:
- Scabies—little red bumps, usually found on the wrists, elbows, and between the fingers that itch, especially at night
- Impetigo—blisters that crust over, often found around the mouth, hands, and feet.These rashes can be treated using over-the-counter lotions and prescription creams. Because they are so contagious, parents should clean the child’s linens and clothing in soap and hot water. Keep the child away from others until the rash has dried out.
- Eczema—red, scaly patches—is another skin condition that often occurs before age 5. Eczema can lead to infection due to intense itching that causes children to scratch until the skin bleeds. Luckily, nearly 40% of children outgrow this condition. The key to treating it is keeping the skin moist and avoiding what may be causing the reaction.
When It’s a Virus
Rashes caused by viruses include chickenpox, measles, and German measles. Accompanied by fever and malaise, these rashes typically start on the scalp or face and spread over the rest of the body.Sometimes a rash can signal a more serious illness, such as scarlet fever, meningococcal disease, or toxic shock syndrome. Other symptoms of these illnesses include fever, headache, vomiting, chills, and muscle pains.
If a rash doesn’t go away in a few days, is widespread, or is accompanied by other symptoms, call your child’s doctor. Depending on the type of rash, your pediatrician may prescribe an oral medication, a steroid cream, or antihistamines to reduce inflammation and control itching. The doctor may prescribe antibiotics to fight infection.
